Herbalism has a rich vocabulary that reflects its deep history and diverse practices. Understanding these terms is useful for navigating the world of medicinal plants and their uses.

  • Adaptogen

    Herbs that help the body adapt to stress and restore balance. They support overall resilience and energy.

    Examples: Ashwagandha, Eleuthero.

  • Alterative

    Herbs that support the body’s natural detoxification processes - restoring body functions.

    Examples: Burdock, Red Clover.

  • Analgesic

    Relieves pain.

    Examples: Meadowsweet.

  • Anthelmintic

    Expels worms and parasites.

    Examples: Wormwood.

  • Anti-bacterial

    Kills bacterial growth.

    Examples: Echinacea.

  • Anti-depressant

    Herbs that support and uplift the mood.

    Examples: St. Johns Wort, Holy Basil.

  • Anti-inflammatory

    Herbs that reduce inflammation.

    Examples: Turmeric, Ginger.

  • Antimicrobial

    Herbs that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

    Examples: Garlic, Oregano.

  • Antioxidant

    Herbs that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.

    Examples: Rosehips, Hibiscus.

  • Antispasmodic

    Herbs that relieve muscle spasms and cramping.

    Examples: Cramp Bark, Valerian.

  • Astringent

    Herbs that contract and tighten tissues, reducing secretions and inflammation.

    Examples: Witch Hazel, Raspberry Leaf

  • Bitter

    Stimulates digestion and tones the stomach.

    Examples: Dandelion Root.

  • Carminative

    Herbs that relieve gas, bloating, and digestive discomfort by relaxing the intestinal muscles. Examples: Ginger, Peppermint.

  • Demulcent

    Herbs that soothe and protect irritated or inflamed tissues by forming a protective film.

    Examples: Marshmallow Root, Licorice.

  • Diaphoretic

    Promotes insensible perspiration.

    Examples: Cayenne.

  • Diuretic

    Herbs that increase urine production, promoting the elimination of excess fluid and supporting kidney function.

    Examples: Dandelion, Nettle.

  • Emmenagogue

    Herbs that stimulate menstrual flow.

    Examples: Raspberry.

  • Expectorant

    Herbs that help expel mucus from the respiratory system.
    Examples: Mullein.

  • Galactagogue

    Herbs that promote lactation.

    Examples: Blessed Thistle.

  • Hepatic

    Supports and tones the liver, stimulating bile.

    Examples: Barberry, Milk Thistle, Dandelion Root.

  • Immunomodulator

    Supports or balances the immune system.

    Examples: Echinacea, Astragalus.

  • Laxative

    Stimulates bowl evacutation.

    Examples: Senna.

  • Lymphatic

    Herbs that stimulate the lymphatic system to promote detoxification.

    Examples: Cleavers, Calendula.

  • Nervine

    Herbs that support the nervous system, helping to calm, soothe, or promote relaxation.

    Examples: Lemon Balm, Chamomile.

  • Sedative

    Herbs that promote relaxation and help with sleep.

    Examples: Valerian, Passionflower, Skullcap.

  • Stimulant

    Herbs that increase energy and alertness.

    Examples: Ginseng, Eleuthero.

  • Tonic

    Herbs that promote general health and well-being by supporting the function of specific organs or systems over time.

    Examples: Nettle, Dandelion.

  • Vulnerary

    Herbs that promote wound healing.

    Examples: Calendula, Comfrey.